The Toll of Underage Drinking

Deaths:

Injuries:

Suicide and Self-Harm:

• States that passed “zero tolerance” laws to reduce youth drinking-driving also experienced statistically significant reductions in suicide deaths among 15- to 20-year-olds, compared to states that did not pass such laws. 8

• A longitudinal explore displayed intense underage drinkers had diminished volume in three brain regions (rostral anterior cingulate, left cingulate, and pars triangularis) as compared to nondrinkers, and the gaps inbetween the two groups widened over the next three years as the underage drinkers displayed greater volume reductions. Nine  The surface area of the anterior cingulate is associated with executive control, including inhibitory functioning, attention, impulsivity, and self-regulation. Ten
• Evidence suggests alcohol use prior to age twenty one impairs crucial aspects of youthful brain development. Eleven One probe found heavy-drinking adolescents who had been sober for three weeks still scored 10% lower than non-drinking peers on tests requiring spoken and nonverbal recall and abilities needed for map reading, geometry, and science. 12

• Drivers age 16-20 have the largest risk for fatal car crashes; they are seventeen times more likely to get in a car crash when they are legally toasted than when they are sober. 13
• In 2013, Trio,883 youthful people ages 16-20 died in motor vehicle crashes. Seventeen percent of these drivers were legally tipsy at the time of the crash. 14
• A longitudinal explore of 1,124 youth in Los Angeles found fourteen year olds who drank alcohol but did not smoke marijuana in the past month had a three-fold greater odds of driving under the influence or railing with a driver who was under the influence two years later. 15
• The severity of underage motor vehicle crashes increases with alcohol involvement: 16

• In 2013, one in ten (Ten.0%) high school students drove a car after drinking alcohol in the past month. Seventeen However, one in five (21.9%) high school students reported railing in the car with a driver who had been drinking in the past month. Legitimate

Alcohol Manhandle or Dependence:

• Americans who began drinking before the age of fifteen are five times more likely to develop alcohol dependence than those who wait until the age of 21. Nineteen
• In 2014, approximately Four.Three million youthfull adults aged eighteen to twenty five (12.3% of this age group) had an alcohol use disorder (alcohol manhandle or dependence) in the past year. 20
• The incidence of onset of alcohol dependence peaks by eighteen years of age. 21
• The National Institute on Alcohol Manhandle and Alcoholism (NIAAA) has concluded that alcohol manhandle and dependence are “developmental disorders. ” 22

Risky Sexual Behavior:

• In a investigate of 1,034 students from Brooklyn, NY, females who reported alcohol use by the fall of seventh grade were almost twice as likely as their alcohol-delaying peers to have initiated sexual intercourse or engaged in latest sexual intercourse by the tenth grade. 23
• Youthful adult drinkers are twice as likely as non-drinkers to have had a sexually-transmitted disease during the past year. Strong drinking masculines are almost four times as likely, and strong drinking females are three and a half times as likely. 24
• In 2013, one in ten (11.4%) current high school drinkers, and one in eight (13.6%) high school binge drinkers reported being physically compelled to have sexual intercourse. Drinkers are more than twice as likely to report this as non-drinkers. 7
• Very first year college students are 13% more likely to practice negative sexual consequences like unplanned/unprotected lovemaking, regretted lovemaking, or unwanted sexual attention on stronger drinking occasions, that is on occasions when they drink higher than their own self-reported average alcohol consumption. 25

• In 2010, underage drinking cost approximately $24.Three billion in the United States.  Of this, $Three.8 billion was healthcare costs, $13.7 billion was lost labor/productivity, and $6.8 billion was other costs such as alcohol-related crime, motor vehicle crashes, and fetal alcohol syndrome costs. 26

Updated March 2016

1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Alcohol and Public Health: Alcohol-Related Disease Influence (ARDI) Application, 2013. Accessed October 7, two thousand fifteen at: http://nccd.cdc.gov/DPH_ARDI/Default/Default.aspx

Two. Heron M. Deaths: Leading causes for 2010. National vital statistics reports; vol sixty two no 6. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 2013. Accessed October 6, two thousand fifteen at http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr62/nvsr62_06.pdf

Trio. Hingson RW, Edwards EM, Heeren T, & Rosenbloom D. (2009).  Age of Drinking Onset and Injuries, Motor Vehicle Crashes, and Physical Fights After Drinking and When Not Drinking.  Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research, 33(Five): 783-790.  Accessed October 12, two thousand fifteen at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19298330

Four . Aziz, H., Siordia, J.A., Rhee, P., Pandit, V., O’Keeffe, T., Kulvatunyou, N., & Joseph, B. (2015). Analyzing the effects of alcohol on adolescent trauma using the National Trauma Data Bank. The Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, 79(Three):463-467.

Five. Albers, A. B., Siegel, M., Ramirez, R. L., Ross, C., DeJong, W. & Jernigan, D. H. (2015).  Flavored Alcoholic Beverage Use, Risky Drinking Behaviors, and Adverse Outcomes among Underage Drinkers: Results from the ABRAND Explore. American Journal of Public Health, 105(Four):810-815.  Accessed November 20, two thousand fifteen at: http://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/six pack/Ten.2105/AJPH.2014.302349?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori%3Arid%3Acrossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3Dpubmed&

6. Martiniuk AL, Chen HY, Glozier N, Patton G, Senserrick T, Williamson A, Woodward M, & Ivers R. (2015). High alcohol use a strong and significant risk factor for repetitive self-harm in female and masculine youth: a prospective cohort examine. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Manhandle, 41(Five):465-73.

7. Calculated from the Youth Risk Behavior Survey public use dataset available at: http://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/data/yrbs/data.htm

8. Carpenter, C. (2004). Powerful Alcohol Use and Youth Suicide: Evidence from Tougher Tipsy Driving Laws. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 23(Four):831-842.

9. Squeglia LM, Rinker DA, Bartsch H, Castro N, Chung Y, Dale AM, Jernigan TL, & Tapert SF. (2014). Brain volume reductions in adolescent strong drinkers. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 9:117–125.  Accessed October 11, two thousand fifteen at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4061267/

Ten. Fjell AM, Walhovd KB, Brown TT, et al. (2012). Pediatric Imaging, Neurocognition, and Genetics Explore. Multimodal imaging of the self-regulating developing brain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(48):19620–19625.  Accessed October 11, two thousand fifteen at: http://www.pnas.org/content/109/48/19620.total.pdf

12. Brown SA, Tapert SF, Granholm E, & Delis DC. (2000). “Neurocognitive Functioning of Adolescents: Effects of Protracted Alcohol Use.” Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 24 (Two): 164-171.

13. National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (2012). Teenage Drinking and Driving: A Dangerous Mix.  Accessed October 6, two thousand fifteen at: http://www.cdc.gov/vitalsigns/teendrinkinganddriving/index.html

14. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, (2014). Traffic Safety Facts 2013, Washington, DC: National Center for Statistics and Analysis, U.S. Department of Transportation. Available at http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/Pubs/812102.pdf

15. Ewing, B. A., Tucker, J. S., Miles, J. N., Shih, R. A., Kulesza, M.,  Pedersen, E. R., & D’Amico, E. J. (2015). Early Substance Use and Subsequent DUI in Adolescents. Pediatrics, 136(Five):868-875.

16. Among persons with reported age, police-reported alcohol involvement, and classified injury severity.  Calculated from the National Highway Transportation Safety Administration public use dataset available at: ftp://ftp.nhtsa.dot.gov/fars/

17. Substance Manhandle and Mental Health Services Administration, Results from the two thousand thirteen National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Summary of National Findings, NSDUH Series H-48, HHS Publication No. (SMA) 14-4863. Rockville, MD: Substance Manhandle and Mental Health Services Administration, 2014.  Accessed October Two, two thousand fifteen at http://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/NSDUHresultsPDFWHTML2013/Web/NSDUHresults2013.pdf

Legal. Kann L, Kinchen S, Shanklin SL et al. (2014). Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance — United States, 2013. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 63(No. SS-4).  Accessed October Two, two thousand fifteen at http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/ss/ss6304.pdf

Nineteen. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The Surgeon General’s Call to Act to Prevent and Reduce Underage Drinking: A Guide to Activity for Educators. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Surgeon General, 2007. Accessed October 12, two thousand fifteen at: http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/calls/underage-drinking-educator-guide.pdf

20. Behavioral health trends in the United States: Results from the two thousand fourteen National Survey on Drug Use and Health (HHS Publication No. SMA 15-4927, NSDUH Series H-50). Accessed October Nineteen, two thousand fifteen at: http://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/NSDUH-FRR1-2014/NSDUH-FRR1-2014.pdf

21. Li TK, Hewitt BG, & Grant BF. (2004). Alcohol Use Disorders and Mood Disorders: A National Institute on Alcohol Manhandle and Alcoholism Perspective. Biological Psychiatry, 56(Ten): 718-720. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/Ten.1016/j.biopsych.2004.03.006

22. Team on Underage Drinking, National Institute on Alcohol Manhandle and Alcoholism. (2004). Alcohol Consumption by Children and Adolescents: An Interdisciplinary Overview. Bethesda, MD: NIAAA.

23. Stueve A & O’Donnell LN (2005). Early Alcohol Initiation and Subsequent Sexual and Alcohol Risk Behaviors among Urban Youths. American Journal of Public Health, ninety five (Five):887-893.  Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1449273/

24. Substance Manhandle and Mental Health Services Administration. (Mar. 20, 2007). The NSDUH Report: Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Substance Use. Rockville, MD: Office of Applied Studies.

25. Scaglione NM, Turrisi R, Mallett KA, Ray AE, Hultgren BA, & Cleveland MJ. (2014). How Much Does One More Drink Matter? Examining Effects of Event-Level Alcohol Use and Previous Sexual Victimization on Sex-Related Consequences.  Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 75(Two): 241–248. Accessed October 11, two thousand fifteen at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3965678/pdf/jsad241.pdf

26. Sacks JJ, Gonzales KR, Bouchery EE, Tomedi LE, & Brewer RD. (2015). Two thousand ten National and state costs of excessive alcohol consumption.  American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 49(Five):e73–e79.  Accessed October 17, two thousand fifteen at: http://www.ajpmonline.org/article/S0749-3797(15)00354-2/pdf

Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health

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